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Austenitic stainless steel is one of the five classes of stainless steel by crystalline structure. Its primary crystalline structure is austenite (face-centered cubic) and it prevents steels from being hardenable by heat treatment and makes them essentially non-magnetic.

Martensitic stainless steel is a type of stainless steel alloy that has a martensite crystal structure. It can be hardened and tempered through aging and heat treatment.

Ferritic steel is a grade of stainless steel alloy that contains over 12% chromium. It is actually defined as a straight chromium non-hardenable class of stainless alloys that have chromium contents ranging from 10.5% to 30% and a carbon content of less than 0.20%. It differs from other forms of stainless steel in two critical regards: its molecular grain structure and its chemical composition.

Duplex stainless steel is a high-strength steel that has a ferritic–martensitic microstructure. It is a low-to-medium carbon material with between 5-50% volume fractional martensite islands that are dispersed in a soft ferrite matrix. In addition to martensite, bainite and retained austenite components can also exist.

One defines heat-resistant stainless steels as alloys that are used in temperatures between 500 and 1150 degrees Celsius.

A super austenitic stainless steel is considered to be one with a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) greater than 40. This is usually attributed to alloys with high additions of molybdenum, typically 6% or greater.